Urim and Thummim

Bol

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In ancient Israelite religion and culture, Urim and Thummim (Hebrew: ¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, Standard häUrim v¿haTummim Tiberian h¿¿Ûrîm w¿hatTummîm) is a phrase from the Hebrew Bible associated with the Hoshen (High Priest's breastplate), divination in general, and cleromancy in particular. Most scholars suspect that the phrase refers to specific objects involved in the divination. Thummim is widely considered to be derived from the consonantal root ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿(t-m-m), meaning innocent, while ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ (Urim) has traditionally been taken to derive from a root meaning lights; these derivations are reflected in the Neqqudot of the masoretic text. In consequence, Urim and Thummim has traditionally been translated as lights and perfections (by Theodotion, for example), or, by taking the phrase allegorically, as meaning revelation and truth, or doctrine and truth (it appears in this form in the Vulgate, in the writing of Jerome, and in the Hexapla). It should be understood that "Thummim" is pronounced /tumim/ in Modern Hebrew.

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