Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde318- Empire of Improvisation

This book reveals the everyday realities of Dutch colonial governance in Indonesia through the practice of taxation. Revealing its improvisational and manipulable nature, it challenges deeply-engrained ideas about top-down colonial rule, demonstrating how local actors were both affected by and reshaped colonial tax policy and practice from within. Throughout colonial Indonesia, a common method to determine a boy’s taxable age was to loop a rope around the chest. If the boy’s head fitted through this loop, his chest was still too small and he was too young; if not, he owed the government tax. Analysing unique archival sources from across Indonesia, this book shows how such pragmatic, locally embedded methods often overshadowed formal tax procedures, which colonial officials advanced as civilizing instruments of modernisation and statepower. It exposes taxation as a process in which improvisation, indigenous customs and everyday negotiations tied together formal regulations and ordinary local realities. A must-read for historians of empire in and beyond Southeast Asia, the book reshapes our understanding of colonial governance, challenging grand theories of colonial state formation by revealing the practicalities of everyday colonial rule and the agency of local actors manipulating the system from within.