Yield formation of winter barley: Scientific basis barley productivity in irrigated agriculture

The monograph presents the results of comprehensive studies devoted to the study of the effect of sowing dates and mineral fertilizer application rates on the growth, development, photosynthetic activity, yield, and grain quality of winter barley. The studies were conducted in the irrigated light serozem soils of the Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan using modern winter barley varieties Mavlono and Bolgali. The work examines the characteristics of field germination formation, plant winter hardiness, growth and development dynamics, dry biomass accumulation, photosynthetic potential, and yield structure depending on sowing dates and the level of mineral nutrition. Optimal sowing dates and the most effective fertilizer application rates ensuring high and stable grain yields were determined. Particular attention is paid to issues of increasing the efficiency of mineral fertilizer use, improving grain quality, and the economic efficiency of production. Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations have been developed to improve the cultivation technology of winter barley under irrigated agriculture conditions.